Accuracy detection and error compensation analysis of NC machine tools based on linear regression theory
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摘要: 为提高数控机床定位精度，需对精度的误差源进行分析及补偿。基于线性回归理论，采用激光干涉仪为检测工具，建立了BF-850B数控机床数据检测的精度检测与补偿模型，并根据各个测量点位误差特性进行分析，确定采用一次性线性补偿和多段式线性补偿方法；最后，结合具体的数控机床实例，根据得到的实验数据验证实现误差补偿，对定位精度的补偿效果进行了分析。结果表明：一次性线性补偿将X轴精度由4.853 1~35.025 0 μm提高至-2.472 1~0.736 3 μm；将Y轴精度由-14.425 0~-4.132 5 μm提高至-2.481 2~0.752 9 μm；将Z轴精度由-4.128 0 ~17.227 1 μm提高至-0.501 5~1.324 5 μm；多段式线性补偿将X轴精度提高至-1.364 1~0.484 0 μm；将Y轴精度提高至-1.364 1~0.551 0 μm；将Z轴精度提高至-0.412 0~0.495 2 μm；补偿前根据数据分布的主要特点，采用呈线性或分段式对数控机床的系统误差进行相应的呈线性或分段式补偿有着很好的补偿效果。Abstract: In order to improve the positioning accuracy of NC machine tool, the error source of machine tool precision should be analyzed and compensated. The principle of precision detection and compensation of numerical control machine tool based on linear regression theory with laser interferometer is discussed. The model of data detection is established. The characteristics of each error point are analyzed. The methods of one-time linear compensation and multistage linear compensation are determined and verified by comparison. Based on the analysis of a numerical control machine tool, the error compensation is realized according to the experimental data. Finally, the compensation effect of positioning accuracy is analyzed. The results show that the accuracy of X axis is increased from 4.853 1 ~35.025 0μm to -2.472 1 ~0.736 3 μm by linear compensation. The precision of Y-axis was improved from -14.425 0 ~-4.132 5μm to -2.481 2 ~0.752 9μm. The accuracy of Z-axis was improved from -4.128 0 ~17.227 1μm to -0.501 5~1.324 5μm. The precision of X axis was improved to -1.364 1 ~0.484 0μm by multi-stage linear compensation. The precision of Y-axis was improved to -1.364 1 ~0.551 0μm. The accuracy of Z-axis is improved to -0.412 0 ~0.495 2μm. Before compensation, according to the main characteristics of data distribution, the linear or segmented compensation for the system error of CNC machine tools has a good compensation effect.
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