Abstract: Aiming at the research of three-dimensional ultrasound-assisted grinding method, a grinding wheel abrasive cutting motion model is established, and the equation of single abrasive cutting trajectory is deduced. Through simulation and analysis of two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound-assisted grinding single abrasive cutting trajectory, it is preliminarily concluded that three-dimensional ultrasound-assisted grinding is expected to obtain better surface quality. The surface roughness and micro-morphology of ceramic specimens were observed and analyzed by three-dimensional ultrasound-assisted grinding. It was proved that the surface roughness value of three-dimensional ultrasound-assisted grinding was relatively small and the surface profile was relatively flat. Three-dimensional ultrasound-assisted grinding could obtain better surface quality than two-dimensional ultrasound-assisted grinding.