Abstract: In the automotive industry, heavy-duty automotive differential housing shafts are not only large in size, but also require high measurement accuracy and measurement efficiency. The existing large-size gauge calipers in China are only used to measure the inner hole and cannot measure the outer diameter. In order to meet the inspection requirements of large-size axles for heavy-duty vehicles, a new type of large-diameter measuring calipers with gauges was designed. The innovative slide-type V-block design quickly adjusts the axial position of the measuring shaft. In addition, the dial indicator adopts a split structure and is fixed on the sliding V-shaped block, and the measured value of the gauge caliper can be adjusted according to the shaft diameter. This results in a large shaft diameter measurement of the heavy-duty vehicle differential housing. The structure is simple and reliable in positioning, and the measurement efficiency is high in mass production. At the same time, the uncertainty analysis of the gauge is carried out, and the extended uncertainty is 0.007mm. After practical application, the large shaft diameter gauge has a high measurement accuracy and can meet the requirements of industrial site measuring.