Abstract: Based on the vibration signal of the spindle in the harsh working conditions, proposes an algorithm for the condition recognition and fault diagnosis of the spindle, and designs a system of condition recognition and fault diagnosis of the spindle based on LabVIEW.The verification of a horizontal machine tool spindle shows that the system can detect the shaft-misalignment of the spindle front end, provide professional guidance for maintenance staff, and have good engineering application value.