Abstract: In the structure of the synchronous belt tooth profile measuring device, the dynamic and static performance of the wheel shaft will directly affect the measurement results of the tooth profile of the synchronous belt. In this paper, the three-dimensional model of the shaft is established by ANSYS Workbench software, and the dynamic and static characteristics of the shaft are analyzed by the way of finite element analysis. The statics analysis obtains the stress and maximum deformation of the shaft in the actual working condition, and the critical speed of the modal analysis is obtained. On the premise of guaranteeing its strength requirement, the structure size of the shaft is optimized, so as to reduce its maximum deformation and improve the critical speed of the shaft. Through the analysis and optimization of the belt wheel shaft of the sliding end, the measurement error of the synchronous belt tooth profile measuring device is reduced, and the method is provided for the dynamic and static performance analysis and optimization of the shaft parts.