Abstract: Taking curved aluminum alloy as an example, the surface of curved parts is hammer peened by assisting of industrial robot, and the influence of various hammering process parameters on the surface roughness, hardness and surface morphology is investigated. The hammering device is clamped on the industrial robot, and the rectangular grating motion path is adopted for hammer peening on curved aluminum alloy. The roughness, hardness and surface morphology of the surface after hammering peening are measured and observed. The results show that the surface roughness of the aluminum alloy after hammering peening can reach 0.5 μm, the surface hardness can be increased by 91%.With small pitch and feed speed, high peening frequency can reduce the surface roughness and improve the surface hardness. Therefore, industrial robot hammer peening can be used for surface leveling of curved parts, and has a good surface strengthening ability for aluminum alloy surface. It is an effective, no material removal and eco-friendly planarization process method.