Abstract: Sleeve parts are the key common parts of precision and ultra-precision spindle and rotary table, and their accuracy is an important factor affecting the performance of spindle and rotary table. This paper analyzes the structure characteristics, technical characteristics, machining difficulties of sleeve parts of precision and ultra-precision spindle and rotary table, as well as the problems existing in horizontal internal and external cylindrical grinding. The processing technology route based on vertical grinding is designed to realize the minimum process transfer error and the accumulation of datum conversion error. The key issues in vertical grinding process, such as workpiece clamping, pre-order quality control, process parameter selection and optimization are discussed. Based on the vertical grinding technology, a number of typical high-precision sleeve parts have been grinded, As the measurement results shown, the grinding roundness, coaxiality and perpendicularity are better than 1 μm, 2 μm and 2 μm, respectively. And the grinding accuracy and efficiency of these parts have been greatly improved.