Abstract: The rigid body model of new herringbone synchronous belt transmission system was studied. The dynamic performance of synchronous belt was analyzed based on RecurDyn. We explored the influence of the initial tension and rotation speed on the stress and vibration characteristics of the belt transmission system. The result showed that the synchronous belt has less stress, stronger bearing capacity, smaller vibration amplitude and more stable transmission process when the initial tension and the rotation speed were 300 N and 1 000 r /min, respectively. The research laid a theoretical foundation for the profile modification design and dynamic characteristic analysis of the new herringbone synchronous belt.