Abstract: Automatic production line has a significant advantage during the machining process of small batch and multiple varieties of aviation structural parts, which has become the trend of small aviation structural parts processing in the future. Firstly, the hardware structure, software composition and the machining processe about the automatic production lines are intruduced. Secondly, form the perspective of equipment, this paper expounds the four key techniques needed by the production line running smoothly, the automation of processing technology, equipment state monitoring technology, cutting tool condition monitoring technology, offline measurement technology. Finally, it expounds the trend about the development of automatic production line, which provieds guidance for the application of the aircraft structure in the automatic production line.