Abstract: With the continuous development of the manufacturing industry, the application of machine tools is very extensive, and the resulting users have higher and higher requirements for the quality of the workpieces processed by the machine tools. Machine tool users at home and abroad often require short-term capability evaluation of the machining process, but my country currently lacks acceptance and delivery Time and short-term capability assessment procedures. In response to this problem, this paper adopts statistical process control technology, analyzes the requirements of short-term capability evaluation, and proposes a short-term capability evaluation model, and uses an example of CNC lathe machining of shaft workpieces to verify the effectiveness of the evaluation model, which promotes metal cutting The development of machine tool manufacturing acceptance technology.