Abstract: To improve the dynamic stability and main structure strength of the machine tool, the whole structure of the machine toolwas designed and the key structure was simulated and analyzed.Bycarryingout finite element analysis of the short sides processing component, the stress, strain and deformation nephograms of the model were obtained.The maximum stress, the maximum strain value and the maximum deformation met the statics requirements.By carrying out the dynamic simulation analysis of the centering assembly, the change curves of the meshing tangential force of 8 pairs of bevel gears and the position of the centroid position of the finger joint board during the centering processwere obtained.The maximum meshing tangential force of bevel gears is 2 248 N, which met static strength conditions.The simulation results verifiedthat the centering assembly met the dynamic characteristics.Through the finite element analysis and dynamic simulation of the key structure of the machine tool, it is expected to optimize the structure.