基于锌铝镁镀层的汽车前门内板成形工艺研究

Research on forming process of automobile front door inner panel based on zinc-aluminum-magnesium coated sheet

  • 摘要: 针对深冲类汽车覆盖件采用传统锌铁镀层板材料拉延成形易开裂、拉毛和脱锌等问题,以某车型前门内板为研究对象,分别基于锌铁镀层板和锌铝镁镀层板进行拉延成形数值模拟。在同等工况条件下,根据成形极限图、减薄率、最大失效、表面缺陷高度、材料流入量以及磨损失效对比锌铝镁镀层板与锌铁镀层板的成形效果差异。分析发现,工艺参数不变时,锌铝镁镀层板相对于锌铁镀层板成形裕度、材料流入量、表面缺陷高度、磨损失效极限冲次更大,减薄率、最大失效更小。在不调整工艺模面的情况下,通过增大压边力,锌铝镁镀层板获得了优于锌铁镀层板的成形质量。利用有限元分析结果进行试模验证,得到了无开裂、起皱、拉毛和脱锌等成形缺陷的前门内板零件。研究表明,将锌铝镁镀层板材料应用至前门内板,可有效解决拉延成形裕度低的问题,并能降低零件拉毛、脱锌等缺陷的发生频率,提高了量产稳定性,削减了成本浪费。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problems of deep-drawing automobile panels using traditional zinc-iron coated sheet materials for drawing and forming, they were easy to be cracked, wrinkled, napped and zinc liquated. The front door inner panel of a certain car model was used as the research object, the zinc-iron coated sheet and zinc-aluminum-magnesium coated sheet were used respectively for drawing numerical simulation under the same working conditions, the forming effect difference between zinc-aluminum-magnesium coated sheet and zinc-iron coated sheet was compared according to the forming limit diagram, thinning rate, maximum failure, wrinkle factor, material inflow and tooling wear. The analysis found that when the process parameters remain unchanged, the zinc-aluminum-magnesium-coated sheet had a larger forming safety margin, material inflow, surface defect height and stroke volume before tooling failure, smaller thinning rate and maximum failure compared to the zinc-iron coated sheet. Without adjusting the process die surface, only increasing the blank holder force, the zinc-aluminum-magnesium coated sheet obtained a better forming quality than the zinc-iron coated sheet. The results of finite element analysis were used for die tryout, and the front door inner panel part without cracking, wrinkling, napping, dezincification and other forming defects were obtained. Studies have shown that the application of zinc-aluminum-magnesium coated material to the front door inner panel can effectively solve the problem of low drawing safety margin, and can reduce the frequency of defects such as part napping and dezincification, improve the stability of mass production, and make the cost down.

     

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