Differential procurement management strategy based on material classification
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摘要: 制造业企业物料种类繁多，针对不同物料的采购管理问题，基于Kraljic模型提出差异化采购管理策略。根据物料特性，从利润影响和供应风险两个维度，将物料分为战略物料、杠杆物料、非关键物料和瓶颈物料4类。从战略物料中再划分出供应风险极高的核心物料。分析各类物料特点，提出相应的采购策略、供应商管理策略以及库存策略。通过精准的差异化采购管理，实现保障物料供应稳定，降低成本及供应风险的目的。Abstract: Manufacturing companies have a wide variety of materials. A differentiated procurement management strategy based on the Kraljic model is proposed to address the procurement management of different materials. According to the characteristics of materials, from the two dimensions of profit impact and supply risk, materials are divided into four categories: strategic materials, leveraged materials, non-critical materials and bottleneck materials. From the above strategic materials, the core materials with extremely high supply risks are classified. By analysing the characteristics of the five categories of materials, the corresponding procurement strategy, supplier management strategy and inventory strategy are proposed. Through precise and differential procurement management, the purposes of ensuring the stability of material supply and reducing costs and supply risks are achieved.
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Key words:
- material classification /
- procurement management strategy /
- Kraljic model
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表 1 差异化采购管理策略
物料类别 采购策略 供应商管理策略 库存策略 战略物料 战略合作采购 战略合作伙伴 CPFR、JMI 杠杆物料 最低成本采购策略 竞争策略 VMI、JIT 非关键物料 电子化采购策略 普通合作关系 订货点采购、VMI 瓶颈物料 长期采购策略 长期合作关系和多样化策略 高安全库存 
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