Abstract: In order to realize the fast and accurate calibration of five-axis linkage structure parameters of AB double swing magnetorheological machine. An efficient and accurate measurement method was established. By analyzing the structural characteristics of the machine tool and the problems existing in the existing methods, the target calibration parameters are decomposed. The calibration methods and models of A-axis and probe, probe and polishing point, B-axis and polishing point are established respectively by using laser displacement sensor and on-board probe. On this basis, calibration and verification experiments were carried out. In the verification experiments, the errors of actual and predicted values in X, Y and Z directions were all less than 6 μm. The experimental results show that the proposed calibration method is used to verify the simpleness and reliability, which can meet the requirements of magnetorheological machine tools.