Abstract: Aiming at the problem of micro threaded hole quality detection in micro structure, an intelligent detection method is designed in this research for micro threaded hole defects based on machine vision through the research of image acquisition, data transmission, classification of various defects, defect image storage and analysis technologies involved in machine vision. This paper not only introduces the design method of the hardware system of the detection method, such as camera, lens and so on, but also introduces the thread detection algorithms and software design methods, such as the measurement algorithm of thread diameter, the detection algorithm of thread turns and so on. Finally, through experimental research, the progressiveness and feasibility of this technology method are verified, which lays a theoretical and experimental foundation for the popularization and application of this technology.