增减材混合制造技术的研究现状与进展

孙海江; 邢飞; 卞宏友; 锁红波; 董呈; 苗立国

doi:10.19287/j.mtmt.1005-2402.2022.12.003

增减材混合制造技术的研究现状与进展

doi: 10.19287/j.mtmt.1005-2402.2022.12.003

孙海江^{1, 2,},
邢飞^{1, 2, ,},
卞宏友¹,
锁红波²,
董呈^{1, 2},
苗立国^{1, 2}

1.
沈阳工业大学机械工程学院, 辽宁沈阳 110870
2.
南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司, 江苏南京 210000

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项（2019-VII-0004-0144）；辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”项目（XLYC1902022）；江苏省科技成果转化专项资金项目（BA2020004）

详细信息

作者简介:
孙海江，男，1996年生，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为激光增材方向。E-mail：1354153737@qq.com

通讯作者:
邢飞，男，1981年生，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事智能制造、高端装备制造方面的研究。E-mail：xingfei@raycham.com

中图分类号: TG66
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-28

Research status and progress of hybrid additive manufacturing technology

SUN Haijiang^{1, 2
,},
XING Fei^{1, 2
, ,},
BIAN Hongyou¹,
SUO Hongbo²,
DONG Cheng^{1, 2},
MIAO Liguo^{1, 2}

1.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, CHN
2.
Nanjing Zhongke Yuchen Laser Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, CHN

摘要

摘要: 增材制造生产出的复杂零件的尺寸和几何精度以及表面质量由于无法满足直接应用要求，均需二次加工，制约着金属增材制造技术在航天工业等领域进一步发展，而增减材混合制造是突破该技术瓶颈公认的最有效解决方案。首先阐述了增减材混合制造技术原理，从设备集成和工艺研究两方面综述了国内外增减材的研究现状，介绍了增减材混合制造的工艺参数和缺陷检测，指出了增减材混合制造关键技术难点并指出方展方向。
- 增减材混合制造 /
- 设备集成 /
- 工艺规划 /
- 闭环控制
Abstract: The dimensional and geometric accuracy and surface quality of complex parts produced by additive manufacturing require secondary processing because they do not meet the requirements for direct application,which restricts the further development of metal additive manufacturing technology in the aerospace industry and other fields, and additive-reduction hybrid manufacturing is the most effective solution to break through the technical bottleneck. Firstly, the principle of hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing technology is explained, the research status of domestic and foreign additive and subtractive materials is reviewed in terms of equipment integration and process research, the process parameters and defect detection of hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing are introduced, the key technical difficulties of hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing are pointed out and the direction of development is indicated.
- additive and subtractive hybrid manufacturing /
- device integration /
- process research /
- closed-loop control

HTML全文

图 1 增减材混合制造技术优势^[7]

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图 2 形状沉积制造方法^[8]

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图 3 增减材复合制造316L不锈钢轮胎模具零件^[23]

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图 4 ASHM工艺的实验系统照片

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图 5 不同成形方法制备的 316L 不锈钢试样拉伸性能对比 ^[33]

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图 6 线材电弧增减材复合工艺图^[35]

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图 7 电弧熔丝增减材混合制造零件图^[35]

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图 8 WAAM制造的Al5Si横截面试样的OM图像^[38]

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图 9 HWAAMS制造的Al5Si横截面样本的OM图像(t = 0.8 mm)^[38]

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图 10 增减材混合制造红外检测图^[42]

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图 11 ASHM过程检测示意图^[43]

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图 12 以增减材混合工艺制造简化轴承座为例

(a)工艺步骤；(b)相应的功耗^[45]

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表 1 国内外增减材制造设备

国家	公司	机床型号	混合方式	主要参数	机床外观
日本	Mazak	INTEGREX i-400AM	五轴加工中心集成双Ambit激光头	可加工ϕ660 mm和长1 600 mm工件，B轴摆角−30°/120°
	Mastuura	Lumex avence-25	三轴铣削机床混合激光烧结	最大成形尺寸250 mm×250 mm，每层铺粉厚度50 μm，尺寸精度达25 μm，主轴转速 45 000 r/min
	Sodick	OPM 350L	高速铣削混合激光烧结	最大成形尺寸350 mm×350 mm×360 mm，激光功率1 kW
德国	DMG Mori Seiki	LASERTEC 65 3D	五轴机床混合激光熔覆	最大成形尺寸650 mm×650 mm×560 mm，A轴摆角−120°/120°，C轴可360°旋转
	ELB	Mill grind	铣削磨削混合Ambit激光堆焊	主轴转速8 000 r/min，具有0.1 μm的 X、Y、Z分辨率
	Hamuel Reichenb-acher	HYBRID HSTM 1500	高速铣削混合直接能量熔融	可制造长达1 750 mm工件，精加工主轴转速达16 000 r/min
	Hermel	MPA40	立式铣床混合金属热喷射工艺	最大成形尺寸460 mm×550 mm，质量达600 kg
葡萄牙	Adira	Direct Laser Processing	粉末熔融和直接金属沉积	粉床面积为960 mm×960 mm，直接沉积面积为1 500 mm×1 500 mm，打印区域为 300 mm×300 mm
美国	Optomec	LENS 3D HY 20	三轴铣床激光混合激光烧结	混合成形尺寸500 mm×350 mm×500 mm，可5轴联动，主轴转速30 000 r/min
中国	北京机电院机床有限公司	XKR40-Hybrid	五轴加工中心混合丝材激光熔覆技术	最大成形尺寸ϕ400 mm×500 mm，A轴摆角+10°/−110°，C轴旋转角度为360°
	大连三垒机器制造有限公司	SVW80C-3D	五轴加工中心混合金属喷粉激光熔融	工件最大回转直径1 000 mm，最大承载 850 kg，A/C轴转动范围±120°/360°
	青海华鼎装备制造有限公司	XF1200-3D	五轴加工中心混合金属喷粉激光熔融	激光功率1 200 W，主轴转速20 000 r/min，B轴摆角+30/−115°，C轴可360°旋转

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