Abstract: Silicon carbide particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (SiCp/Al) have excellent material mechanical properties, which are extremely difficult to machine because of the high hardness of SiC particles. In this paper, our research is about grinding SiCp/2009Al composites with 20% volume fraction. A finite element model of single abrasive grinding was established to simulation analyze the mechanism of grinding and the surface defects of the material after grinding. The analysis was verified by grinding tests, and the analysis showed that the surface defects formed were scratches, lamination, burrs, gouges, and pits. Based on the experimental results, the regression equation was fitted and the influence degree of spindle speed, feed speed, and grinding depth on the surface roughness was analyzed.