Abstract: The vibration suppression effect in the machining of thin-wall parts is often analyzed qualitatively and the vibration severity is difficult to be determined quantitatively. In order to quantitatively analyze the suppression effect of machining vibration and evaluate the severity of machining vibration, this paper carried out the research on the machining vibration evaluation method based on the measurement test of machining vibration signal. Based on the analysis of the mechanism of machining vibration signal acquisition, the design of machining vibration test was carried out. The acceleration signal and the sound signal in machining vibration and the surface roughness after machining were collected. The empirical models were established by fitting method, which reflected the mapping relationship of three kinds of measurement signals. According to the workpiece surface quality and machining accuracy, the quantitative evaluation methods of free vibration, mild vibration and severe vibration are presented. The evaluation method provided theoretical support for the measurement and judgment of machining vibration and the evaluation of machining vibration suppression effect.