超硬材料电镀砂轮复杂型面精密整形技术与装备发展趋势

Development trend of precision shaping technology and equipment for complex profile of superhard material electroplated grinding wheels

  • 摘要: 高速/超高速成型磨削技术作为航空发动机、精密齿轮和5G智能等国之重点工程,超硬材料电镀砂轮已经成为其不可或缺的工具之一。受国外技术封锁影响,加之我国电镀砂轮起步晚,目前我国电镀砂轮技术落后。其重要原因为缺乏专业精密整形装备,制造精度低,严重制约了其工业化应用。攻克电镀砂轮复杂型面精密整形技术,突破技术封锁,对于推动高速/超高速成型磨削技术工业化,提升航空航天、军事等行业复杂型面关键零部件制造精度,保证国家安全等方面地位有着重要指导意义和战略意义。查阅了国内外超硬材料制品修整技术,分析了超硬材料电镀砂轮轮廓特征以及修整机理,揭示了目前电镀砂轮复杂型面精密整形存在的技术壁垒。通过分析现阶段业内相关修整设备,推导出“硬修整”是目前保证砂轮轮廓的可靠工艺手段。并指出未来修整装备应走定制化道路,并重点从精密对刀技术、修整干涉CNC干预技术、工具砂轮损耗规避/量化补偿等方面开展专用设备研发。同时指出激光烧蚀工业化是未来超硬材料修整的重点研究方向之一。

     

    Abstract: As a key project of aero-engine, precision gear, 5G intelligence and other countries, high speed and ultra-high speed forming grinding technology, superhard material electroplated grinding wheel has become one of the indispensable tools.By the United States, Japan and other countries technology blockade, current in our country electroplating wheel start late, the technology of electroplating wheel is backward.The main reason is lack of professional precision shaping equipment, low manufacturing accuracy, which seriously restrict it’s industrial application.It is great guiding significance and strategic significance for promoting the industrialization of high-speed and ultra-high-speed forming grinding technology, improving the manufacturing accuracy of key parts of complex surface in aerospace, military and other industries, and ensuring the national security to overcome the precision shaping technology of complex surface of electroplating wheel and break through the technological blockade.In this paper, the dressing technology of superhard material products at home and abroad was reviewed, the contour characteristics and dressing mechanism of superhard material electroplated grinding wheels were analyzed, and the technical barriers existing in the precision shaping of complex profile of electroplated grinding wheels were revealed. By analyzing the relevant dressing equipment in the current industry, it is deduced that "hard dressing" is the reliable technological means to ensure the contour of grinding wheel at present. It is pointed out that the future dressing equipment should be customized, and focus on the development of special equipment from the precision tool setting technology, dressing interference CNC intervention technology, tool grinding wheel loss avoidance/quantitative compensation and other aspects. At the same time, it is pointed out that industrial laser ablation is one of the key research directions of superhard material dressing in the future.

     

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