Abstract: The traditional casting sorting detection is carried out manually, which is labor-intensive and prone to visual errors due to fatigue, as well as some castings with small defects that are difficult to identify by the human eye. Therefore, machine vision technology has shown a good application prospect in the field of casting sorting. Based on this, the composition and key technologies of the sorting detection system of machine vision technology and the application status of machine vision in defect detection and sorting robots are analyzed and discussed in detail. Finally, the future development trend of casting sorting is prospected.