Abstract: The helical groove has the characteristics of various structures and high precision requirements, which play an important role in cutting and chip removal. In the grinding process of the helical groove, the grinding accuracy is reduced due to the grinding wheel wear, and the wear is irregular, so it is difficult to predict the grinding wheel profile after wear. Aiming this issue, a calculation method of the wear grinding wheel profile and a grinding trajectory adjustment algorithm based on the actual wear of the grinding wheel are proposed. Firstly, the actual measurement of the wear of the grinding wheel is carried out, and the mathematical model of the movement relationship between the grinding wheel and the tool bar during the spiral groove grinding process is established. Secondly, the curve equation of the radial cross-section profile of the groove. Then, according to the definition of the spiral groove rake angle, core thickness, groove width and other parameters, establish the functional relationship of the grinding wheel position and posture, convert the trajectory compensation calculation of the worn grinding wheel into a mathematical optimization problem, and the bionic optimization algorithm is used to solve the problem quickly. Finally, through a series of simulation and actual machining experiments, the accuracy and adaptability of the algorithm are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.