Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the performance of cast iron bed is close to the material limit, the natural marble bed of a precision vertical grinding machine is studied in this paper. Firstly, the basic structure of precision vertical grinding machine is introduced, and the modal simulation of natural marble bed structure is carried out by finite element method. Then the vibration test of the bed is carried out to verify the correctness of the simulation model. Finally, the structure optimization design of natural marble bed is carried out based on ANSYS topology optimization module. The results show that the total deformation, the equivalent stress, the mass of natural marble bed are reduced by 23.8%, 15.07%, 1.01% respectively, which proves the feasibility and superiority of natural marble as a grinding machine bed material.