Abstract: As a special multi-axis linkage control technology, the electronic gear box is the control core in the CNC system of the gear spreading machine tool, and its synchronization control accuracy determines the gear machining accuracy. As an important gear precision machining process, the development machining accuracy of internal meshing power honing is largely determined by the control accuracy of the electronic gear box. Combined with the kinematics model of power honing, the paper establishes the electronic gearbox model of internal mesh power honing. The relative difference of tracking error of each motion axis of power honing is defined as synchronization error, and mapped to tooth pitch deviation, tooth profile deviation and helix deviation. A synchronization error compensation control method based on the electronic gear box is proposed, and a synchronization compensation control model is established.The motion control experiments of internal meshing power honing are carried out on the dSPACE semi-physical multi-axis motion simulation platform. The experimental results show that the proposed synchronization error compensation method based on electronic gear box can effectively reduce the synchronization error of internal mesh power honing.