Abstract: Metastable β titanium alloy has mechanical and physical properties such as low density, high specific strength, good plasticity and excellent corrosion resistance, and has been widely used in aerospace, biomedicine, petrochemical and other fields. In order to realize the development and application of a new generation of high-strength and high-plastic titanium alloys, the relationship between the mechanical properties of metastable β titanium alloys and their deformation damage behavior must be clarified. In this paper, the microstructure evolution of metastable β titanium alloys in the process of deformation damage is analyzed, the various deformation behaviors of metastable β titanium alloys and the relationship between each deformation are summarized, and the improvement of the mechanical properties of metastable β alloys under the influence of different deformation behaviors is summarized. Then, the damage behavior and internal microstructure evolution of metastable β titanium alloys under dynamic load are expounded, and the relationship between microscopic damage and alloy strengthening and failure is discussed, in order to put forward new insights into the development and optimization of new titanium alloys.