Abstract: Metal components are a necessary part of various machines, and the wear and tear of metal components is the main cause of machine failure. As a method to improve the surface tribological properties of metal materials, the surface texture technology of metal components has been widely used in many fields, such as mechanical, aerospace, chemical, metallurgical and biological engineering. This paper summarizes the relevant research results, discusses the dry friction, boundary lubrication and fluid lubrication, and the main friction mechanism of the surface texture, including the shape, depth, surface density and arrangement of the structure. Analyzed the best value of the geometric characteristics and the general law of tribological performance, found that the geometric parameters of reasonable metal component surface texture to reduce the coefficient of friction, improve the wear resistance and oil film bearing capacity has a positive effect, and all kinds of geometric features on the performance of metal component surface texture friction is mutual influence.