Abstract: In response to the problem of deformation easily occurring in the milling process of thin-walled aviation frame components,the influence of fixture layout and milling parameters on the machining deformation of thin-walled components during the milling process was studied using the finite element software ABAQUS. Firstly, based on the finite element model of clamping, the influence of clamping position and clamping sequence on the deformation of thin-walled parts is analyzed. On the basis of clamping simulation, a milling machining model is established, and orthogonal experiments are designed to obtain the deformation of workpiece under various milling processing parameters. Secondly, using simulation data as samples, BP neural network and genetic algorithm are used to optimize the clamping layout and milling parameters. Finally, experimental verification was conducted on the optimization results, which showed that the simulation and experimental data were in good agreement, with a minimum deviation of 4.38% and a maximum deviation of 9.35%. The research results indicate that using finite element simulation experiments to assist in selecting milling parameters for thin-walled parts can fully improve the machining quality of aviation thin-walled parts.