增材制造材料铣削加工特性和表面完整性研究进展综述

A review of advances in milling characterization and surface integrity of additively manufactured materials

  • 摘要: 激光熔覆等增材制造技术目前已被广泛应用,然而这类技术获得的熔覆层表面质量较差,难以满足零件的尺寸精度和表面质量等要求,铣削加工作为一种精加工方式可以有效地解决精度不足等问题。文章综述了不同铣削参数、切削方向、增材制造材料的处理方式、熔覆层的构筑方向等影响因素对加工特性和表面完整性的影响,加工特性通过切削力和刀具磨损表征,而表面完整性主要包括表面形貌(表面粗糙度、表面纹缺陷、毛刺形成等)和力学性能(残余应力和显微硬度),通过对不同影响因素下的熔覆层加工特性和表面完整性评价,使研究人员对增材制造材料的铣削性能具有更全面的了解,最后对增材制造材料铣削过程中存在的问题归纳梳理,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。

     

    Abstract: Laser cladding and other additive manufacturing technologies have been widely used, however, the surface quality of the cladding layer obtained by these technologies is poor, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the parts, and milling machining as a kind of finishing method can effectively solve the problem of lack of accuracy. In this paper, the effects of different milling parameters, cutting direction, processing of additive manufacturing materials, and the direction of constructing the fused cladding layer on the machining characteristics and surface integrity are reviewed. The machining characteristics are characterized by the cutting force and tool wear, while the surface integrity mainly includes the surface morphology (surface roughness, surface texture defects, burr formation, etc.) and the mechanical properties (residual stresses and micro-hardness), and the surface integrity of fused cladding layer obtained under the influence factors is summarized. By evaluating the machining characteristics and surface integrity of the fused cladding layer under different influencing factors, the researchers have a more comprehensive understanding of the milling performance of additive manufacturing materials, and finally the problems existing in the milling process of additive manufacturing materials are summarized and sorted out, and the future direction of its development is prospected.

     

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