Abstract: Diamond wire saw is commonly used to cut various hard materials because of its ultra-high hardness and wear resistance, because the friction of the processing process is more intense, usually add cooling lubrication medium, but some special needs, aluminum alloy needs to be line cutting can not be applied coolant. Based on the single-factor test method, the wire sawing test of Al6063 material was carried out under the condition of no lubrication, and the distribution law of roughness in different areas of the machining surface was analyzed, as well as the influence law of the counterweight, line speed and feed speed on the roughness of the machining surface. The results show that the surface roughness in the middle position of the machined surface is the largest.In the test range,the larger the counterweight , the smaller the corresponding surface roughness value. The larger the wire speed of the diamond wire saw , the smaller the surface roughness value. The smaller the feed speed, the smaller the corresponding surface roughness value. The test results have practical reference value for improving the processing surface quality.