Abstract: In response to the complex offline programming process in robot polishing of aviation structural components, a robot polishing trajectory planning method based on Catia offline programming is proposed, and self-developed post-processing software is used to quickly generate polishing programs. The robot polishing simulation environment is built through Vericut development. The calibration accuracy of the workpiece coordinate system is improved through a combination calibration strategy of 3D visual coarse calibration and probe precise calibration. Based on the calibration results, the polishing program and simulation environment are quickly adjusted. The method was applied to the polishing and polishing of the web plate of frame type aviation structural components. The experimental results showed that the program generated by this method can quickly and accurately complete the polishing operation of structural components, and has a certain practicality. The surface roughness of the polished parts Ra is 3.2 μm, which meets the polishing requirements.