Abstract: In order to reduce the friction and heat between the large end face of the roller and the rib and improve the reliability of the bearing, the influence of special load and different working conditions on the friction power consumption of the bearing is analyzed, and the large end face of the roller and the rib are matched. Considering the actual working condition of the bearing, the simulation model is established by using Romax software to calculate the friction power consumption between the big end face of the roller and the rib, and the accuracy of the simulation results is verified by comparing with the theoretical value. The calculation results show that the friction power consumption of variable gauge EMUs during wide gauge operation is higher than that of standard gauge operation. The clearance fit between the wheel and axle causes the bearing to bear a greater axial load, resulting in an increase in friction power consumption. Match the large end face of the roller with the retaining edge to obtain a ball base radius coefficient of 0.95 and a contact position of 1/3 of the height of the retaining edge. Axle box bearing should avoid excessive preload, too much preload will lead to rapid increase of friction power consumption, when the preload is 50-75 μm friction power consumption increase is small. As the train speed increases, the friction power consumption increases, and the increase in speed is greater. The calculation results can provide reference for the design and subsequent optimization of the axle box bearing of the variable gauge bogie.