Abstract: Addressing the challenge of the surface accuracy of the GH4169 doubly enveloped hourglass worm being difficult to meet the required standards due to excessive cutting force during the finishing process. Based on the principle of metal cutting, the influence of cutting parameters on cutting force was studied by means of finite element numerical simulation and machining tests. Additionally, an extreme difference and variance analysis was conducted on the numerical simulation results. Furthermore, employing the method of least squares, a multiple linear regression was applied to the numerical simulation data, leading to the establishment of an empirical prediction model for three-directional cutting forces. Subsequently, machining experiments were conducted, taking the average cutting force as the key indicator. The results revealed that the cutting force decreased with an increase in cutting speed but increased with an increase in cutting depth and feed rate. The primary and secondary order of influence was cutting depth, feed rate, and cutting speed. Within the scope of the study, the optimal cutting parameters were identified as a cutting speed of 45 m/min, a cutting depth of 0.1 mm, and a feed rate of 0.05 mm/r.