Abstract: In order to meet the differentiated temperature control requirements of the temperature control system of the precision horizontal machining center for different parts of the machine tool, a differentiated active temperature control system scheme was proposed, and three kinds of plate electric heating water tank structures of temperature control sub-circuit were designed for the system. The numerical simulation of the water tank was carried out by Fluent software to study the influence of the water tank structure on the performance. According to the simulation results, the maximum deformation, total heat exchange coefficient, temperature standard deviation, Nusselt number and friction coefficient were comprehensively considered to determine the best structural scheme, and the water tank was manufactured and connected to the machine tool for testing, and the test results showed that the water tank plays a normal role in temperature control liquid temperature regulation. The research results provided a theoretical basis for the structural design of differentiated active temperature control system for precision machine tools.