基于多维时序融合特征的滚动轴承剩余使用寿命预测

Residual useful life prediction of rolling bearings based on multi-dimensional temporal mixing features

  • 摘要: 在滚动轴承退化失效前预测其剩余使用寿命(remaining useful life, RUL),对保障设备安全运行和减少经济损失具有重要意义。针对滚动轴承RUL的预测,构建了一种基于多维时序融合特征的预测流程。在该流程中,首先,采用一维卷积神经网络((one-dimensional convolutional neural network, 1DCNN))和时序卷积网络(temporal convolutional network, TCN)自动提取振动信号的相关特征;其次,在时域和特征域中交替使用多层感知器,构建多维时序特征融合模型,并将历史时刻和当前时刻的特征一起作为模型输入,用于RUL的预测。试验结果表明,文章方法RUL预测曲线均方根误差和平均绝对误差的平均值分别降低至0.263和0.227,失效点预测绝对误差的平均值提高至10.67%。与深度卷积神经网络和长短时记忆网络相比,文章方法在RUL预测曲线的拟合程度和滚动轴承失效点的预测方面均具有明显的优越性。可见,构建的滚动轴承RUL预测流程能较为准确地预测其RUL,具有一定的实用性。

     

    Abstract: Predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) of rolling bearings before their degradation and failure is of great significance to ensure the safe operation of equipment and reduce economic losses. Therefore, aiming at the RUL prediction of rolling bearings, a new prediction flow was constructed based on multi-dimensional temporal mixing features. Firstly, a neural network based on one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1DCNN) and temporal convolutional network (TCN) was used to automatically extract the relevant features of the vibration signals. Secondly, multi-layer perceptrons were used alternately in the time and feature domain to construct a multi-dimensional temporal feature mixing model, and the features of the historical and the current moment were used as model inputs for the prediction of RUL. The experimental results show that the mean value of root mean square error and mean absolute error for the RUL prediction curve is reduced to 0.263 and 0.227, respectively, and the mean value of absolute error for failure point prediction is increased to 10.67%. Compared with the deep convolutional neural network and long short-term memory network, the proposed method has obvious advantages in both the fitting degree of the RUL prediction curve and the prediction of rolling bearings failure point. It can be seen that the RUL prediction flow of rolling bearings constructed can accurately predict their RUL and has certain practicability.

     

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