Abstract: TC4(Ti-6Al-4V) titanium alloy has been widely used in aerospace, marine petroleum and national defense because of its low density, high specific strength and good processability. However, its low hardness and poor wear resistance limit its use under friction conditions. Based on the compatibility between the coating and TC4 substrate and the wettability of the substrate to the generated phase, Ti-based rare earth laser cladding layer was prepared on TC4 surface and the influence of rare earth oxides on the microhardness and wear resistance of the coating. The dynamic process of single-pass and multi-pass TC4 powder cladding is simulated by COMSOL software, and the temperature change and cladding layer thickness are studied by experiments, to clarify the cladding mechanism and verify the correctness of the model. The microstructure and phase composition of the cladding layer were analyzed, and a Vickers microhardness tester was used to measure the hardness of the cladding layer. The addition of Y₂O₃ significantly reduced the occurrence of pores and cracks, further promoting microstructure refinement. This study provides experimental and theoretical basis for microstructure control and forming quality of laser cladding coating on TC4 surface.