Abstract: In the grinding process of weld seams, the grinding force is found to be closely associated with the extent of tool wear, the precision of the grinding, and the integrity of the surface. The grinding force is affected by the number of abrasive particles, particle size and grinding process parameters. According to the mechanical characteristics of grinding process, the simulation analysis method for single-grit grinding, based on the Johnson-Cook constitutive model, has been proposed to investigate the impact of grinding parameters on the grinding force. The mathematical model for the normal grinding force of the tool has been established by integrating the distribution theory of single grit into the grinding processing area. Grinding experiments have been conducted, which confirm that the average error is approximately 9.9% when the grinding depth ranges from 1 to 5 mm, and reduces to just 1.9% when the depth exceeds 3 mm. This offers a theoretical foundation for guaranteeing the stability control of weld seam grinding.