Abstract: To effectively improve the efficiency of structure design, a hierarchical optimization strategy was adopted to conduct optimization design on the structural parameters for the riveted cabin section of a certain type of carrier rocket fairing shell. Firstly, with the Isight optimization platform, and the Abaqus software was called to calculate the buckling bearing capacity of the structure. A serial optimization approach was used to analyze and determine the main structure parameters using experimental design methods. Secondly, the Hooke-Jeeves unconstrained optimization method was adopted for structural parameter analysis. Through two rounds of optimization, the design parameters and structural layout scheme of the main structure were determined in sequence, then the riveted cabin structure had the lightest weight and could meet the axial compression bearing capacity. Through data analysis, it was found that the optimized structural quality decreased by 24.6%. With improving the structure load-bearing efficiency, a structural design scheme that could meet the actual engineering requirements was provided, which can effectively reduce the launch cost of commercial spacecraft.