Abstract: In view of the two national standards GB/T 5291 Die sinking electro-discharge machines—testing of the accuracy, which were issued in 2022 and 2023, the differences in the overall structure, technical indicators and contents of the new version compared with the old one are analyzed, and the scientificity of the inspection methods and the progressiveness of the indexes are demonstrated. Meanwhile, the rationality of the new standard in terms of geometric accuracy and positioning accuracy tolerance is focused. After a detailed interpretation of the standards, unified standardized guidances are provided to promote the development level and quality of die sinking electro-discharge machines in Chinese enterprises, and to better understand and use of the standard.