Abstract: In order to solve the problems of bending deformation, low efficiency, low precision and high cost caused by traditional mechanical turning due to large length-to-diameter ratio, a new vertical turning method with short arc efficiency was proposed. The experimental research of titanium alloy shaft was carried out through the self-designed short arc five-axis machining center, and the influence of machining voltage, duty cycle, workpiece speed and feed speed on machining performance was investigated. The results showed that the highest material removal rate (MRR) was 231 mm³/min, and the lowest relative tool wear rate (RTWR) was 10%. The minimum surface roughness Ra is 4.12 μm and the minimum roundness is 89 μm. This method effectively solves the problems in traditional machining and significantly improves machining efficiency and accuracy.