Abstract: Aiming at the problem of thermal error suppression in hydrostatic screw feed systems, an active control method based on temperature field is proposed. Thermal characteristic analysis was conducted to identify critical temperature-sensitive zones requiring regulation, and the hydraulic oil forced cooling strategy is adopted to actively regulate the temperature field, which effectively inhibits the thermal errors. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that this method can confine temperature fluctuations within ±1 ℃ in the hydrostatic screw feed system. Through the error motion characteristics before and after temperature field control, it is found that among the six error motions of the feed table, the composite positioning error exhibited the highest sensitivity to temperature variations, followed by angular errors, while straightness errors remained largely unaffected. This research provides theoretical guidance and an effective technical solution for thermal error control in high-precision machine tools equipped with hydrostatic screw drive systems.