Abstract: To accurately analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of the precision horizontal machining center structure and identify its weak links, a method for calculating the stiffness and damping of the joint surface of the computer bed was proposed, and a finite element simulation model considering the stiffness of the joint surface was established. In the static stiffness analysis, the X, Y, and Z directional static stiffness of the horizontal machining center were calculated to be 93.85, 117.45, and 182.54 N/μm, respectively. Among the three directional stiffness, the X directional stiffness was the weakest. In the dynamic characteristic analysis, it was found that the first four natural frequencies of the machine tool were 44.22, 74.40, 87.19, and 105.68 Hz, respectively, and three of the first four order formations were caused by columns, which were the weak links affecting the dynamic characteristics of the horizontal machining center. In the rigid flexible coupling simulation analysis, it was found that the order of importance affecting the overall stiffness of the machine is column, spindle box, bed body, and worktable. Based on the above analysis, it can be concluded that the column is the weak link affecting the static and dynamic characteristics of the horizontal machining center. Improving the column structure can effectively enhance the static and dynamic performance of the entire machine.