基于数字孪生的混联装配机器人运动学解耦建模与虚实交互方法研究

Research on kinematic decoupling modeling and virtual-real interaction method of hybrid assembly robot based on digital twin

  • 摘要: 针对混联装配机器人运动学建模与虚实交互实现中的技术难题,提出了一种基于数字孪生的运动学解耦建模方法。针对混联机器人的9个关节变量但仅6个自由度的强耦合系统特性,分别构建基于几何约束的并联机构运动学模型与改进D-H(Denavit-Hartenberg)法的串联机构模型,实现9维非线性约束方程组的降维求解;结合OpenGL几何着色器,开发无模型实时渲染算法,动态生成并联机构连杆几何形状,解决传统位姿解算的高复杂度问题。基于Qt-OpenGL构建数字孪生虚实交互平台,实现物理实体与虚拟模型的高刷新率同步映射。试验结果表明,所提出的方法使虚实位置偏差不高于0.1 mm,姿态角度误差不高于0.05°,系统平均时延小于1 ms,为复杂混联机构的数字孪生应用提供了新方案。

     

    Abstract: The technical challenges in the kinematic modeling and virtual-real interaction of hybrid assembly robots are addressed. A kinematic decoupling modeling method based on digital twin technology is proposed. Given the strong coupling characteristics of a hybrid robot system with 9 joint variables but only 6 degrees of freedom, a kinematic model for the parallel mechanism based on geometric constraints and a serial mechanism model using an improved Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) method are developed. These models facilitate the dimensionality reduction and solution of a 9-dimensional nonlinear constraint equation system. In addition, a real-time rendering algorithm without a model is developed, utilizing OpenGL geometry shaders to dynamically generate the geometric shapes of the parallel mechanism's linkages, thereby solving the high complexity issues traditionally associated with pose calculation. A digital twin virtual-real interaction platform is built using QT and OpenGL, enabling high-refresh-rate synchronization between physical entities and virtual models. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a position deviation is no more than 0.1 mm, a posture angle error is no more than 0.05°, and an average system delay is less than 1 ms, providing a novel solution for digital twin applications in complex hybrid mechanisms.

     

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