Abstract: Surface micro-texturing has been widely recognized as an effective approach to enhance the tribological performance of frictional components. However, current investigations on textured surfaces are predominantly conducted under conditions of steady rotation or translational motion. The influence and underlying mechanisms of surface micro-textures on reciprocating friction pairs, such as the chain pin-sleeve pair, remain insufficiently explored. In this study, various types and parameters of micro-textures were fabricated on the surface of pin and the inner walls of sleeves. A comparative analysis was conducted to examine the effects of micro-texture geometry, size, area ratio, and spatial distribution on the tribological behavior under reciprocating rotational conditions. Experimental results demonstrated that, among the tested texture types, straight groove textures with identical parameters provided more pronounced friction-reducing effects than pit or mesh textures when applied to both the pin surface and the inner wall of the sleeve. It was observed that the straight groove structure facilitated the retention of lubricating oil and the removal of wear debris, thereby improving the lubrication condition at the contact interface and effectively reducing friction. Micro-texture width and area ratio were identified as critical parameters influencing the tribological performance of straight groove textures. Within the experimental range, straight grooves with a width of 2 mm and an area ratio of 27% yielded optimal performance. The stable friction coefficient of the pin-sleeve pair was reduced to approximately 0.102, representing only 75% of that under the non-textured condition. Furthermore, the wear morphology on the pin surface was significantly improved, exhibiting a smoother appearance and the elimination of localized severe wear. These findings indicate that micro-textures can substantially impact the operational performance of reciprocating friction pairs. Through the rational design of texture parameters, simultaneous improvements in friction reduction and wear resistance can be achieved. The outcomes of this study provide both theoretical support and experimental reference for the design of chain pin-sleeve pairs and other reciprocating friction systems.