基于多束集成的电子束粉末床熔融增材制造技术

Electron beam powder bed fusion additive manufacturing technology with multi-beam integration strategy

  • 摘要: 针对电子束粉末床熔融(electron beam powder bed fusion, EB-PBF)技术在大尺寸零件成形及工艺过程温度场稳定性等方面的挑战,提出了多束流集成的EB-PBF成形策略。深入研究多电子束协同工作可能引发的热结构变形及束斑一致性差等关键问题,提出了热影响结构变形抑制、电子束自动标定等技术方案。进一步地,基于多束流EB-PBF技术,提出多枪阵列成形和双枪同幅成形策略。使用多枪阵列成形策略,有效将EB-PBF成形幅面扩大至600 mm×600 mm。为保证多枪EB-PBF大幅面成形质量一致性,提出了搭接区扫描优化策略,并在TA15打印实验中验证全幅面的力学性能一致性。使用双枪同幅成形策略,开发了多能量源耦合控制粉床温度的方法,有效提高了选择性熔化时粉床温度稳定性,在打印过程中能稳定维持1 250 ℃的粉末高预热温度。在高预热温度下,双枪同幅成形策略有效避免了常规EB-PBF设备在选择性熔化阶段粉床预热温度将快速下降200~300 ℃的缺陷。

     

    Abstract: To address the challenges of large-scale part formation and the thermal field stability in the process of electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) technology, a multi-beam integrated EB-PBF forming strategy is proposed. Key issues such as thermal structure deformation and inconsistent spot size, which may be caused by the collaborative operation of multiple electron beams, are examined, and technical solutions—such as thermal deformation suppression and automatic electron beam calibration—are proposed. Furthermore, based on the multi-beam EB-PBF technology, a multi-gun array forming strategy and a double-gun same-frame forming strategy are introduced. By using the multi-gun array forming strategy, the EB-PBF forming area is effectively expanded to 600 mm×600 mm. To ensure the consistency of the forming quality in large-area multi-gun EB-PBF, a scan optimization strategy for the overlap region is proposed, and the mechanical property consistency across the full area is verified through TA15 printing experiments. The double-gun same-frame forming strategy is characterized by the development of a method in which multiple energy sources are coupled to regulate the powder bed temperature, whereby temperature stability during selective melting is effectively enhanced. This method can maintain a stable powder preheating temperature of 1250 ℃ during the printing process. Under high preheating temperatures, the double-gun same-frame forming strategy effectively avoids the defect where conventional EB-PBF equipment causes the powder bed preheating temperature to rapidly drop by 200 ℃ to 300 ℃ during the selective melting stage.

     

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