基于大语言模型链式提示词的再制造工艺知识精准抽取方法

A precise extraction method of remanufacturing process knowledge based on chain-of-thought prompting in large language models

  • 摘要: 针对再制造知识多环节和歧义性等特点导致的传统抽取方法标注数据依赖性强、多跳关系解析能力不足等问题,提出一种基于大语言模型链式提示词的再制造工艺知识多粒度抽取方法,通过融合提示词工程与思维链推理,结合语义对齐机制,利用大语言模型(large language model,LLM)实现粗粒度到细粒度知识的精准提取。首先,基于提示词工程引导LLM完成初始知识的粗粒度抽取,定位再制造工艺核心实体;其次,设计思维链推理框架,驱动LLMs解析实体间复杂逻辑关系,并通过余弦相似度实现异构语义对齐,提升细粒度知识的语义一致性与匹配精度。试验结果表明,链式提示词法的F1分数达88.0%,较传统方法提升超30%,且多跳关系覆盖率达89.2%,有效解决了传统技术对标注数据的依赖问题。

     

    Abstract: To address the strong reliance on annotated data and the limited ability to parse multi-hop relationships inherent in traditional extraction methods—issues arising from the multi-step nature and semantic ambiguity of remanufacturing knowledge—a multi-granularity knowledge extraction method for remanufacturing processes based on chained prompts in large language model (LLM) is proposed. By integrating prompt engineering and chain-of-thought reasoning with a semantic alignment mechanism, the method enables accurate extraction from coarse-grained to fine-grained knowledge. Initially, coarse-grained knowledge is extracted by guiding the LLM through prompt engineering to identify the core entities involved in remanufacturing processes. Subsequently, a chain-of-thought reasoning framework is designed to enable the LLM to interpret complex logical relationships among entities. Semantic alignment across heterogeneous expressions is achieved using cosine similarity, enhancing the consistency and accuracy of fine-grained knowledge matching. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed chained prompt method achieves an F1-score of 88.0%, representing an improvement of over 30% compared to traditional approaches. Moreover, the coverage of multi-hop relationships reaches 89.2%, effectively mitigating the dependency on annotated data observed in conventional techniques.

     

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