电弧增材制造成形控制研究进展与挑战

Research progress and challenges in forming control of wire arc additive manufacturing

  • 摘要: 电弧增材制造(wire arc additive manufacturing, WAAM)凭借高沉积率、开放性强、灵活性高和成本低等优势,逐渐成为航天航空领域大型复杂金属结构件的潜力制造方法。熔池及焊道的成形检测与控制是实现 WAAM 工艺成形与性能控制的关键环节。当前,通过焊接工艺参数优化、增材成形过程精确调控及热源与熔滴过渡有效管理,逐步实现对成形质量的控制。结合智能算法与成形策略调控焊道形状及搭接工艺参数、开发智能化工艺参数调控系统,以及引入外部强制调控手段改善焊接热源性能并精准控制熔滴过渡,已成为成形控制研究的重点方向。综述了 WAAM 成形控制方法的研究进展,分析了当前面临的主要挑战,并展望了 WAAM 技术的发展前景。

     

    Abstract: Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), with its high deposition rate, strong openness, high flexibility, and low cost, is gradually emerging as a promising method for manufacturing large and complex metallic structural parts in the aerospace field. The forming detection and control of molten pools and weld beads are crucial for achieving forming and performance control of the WAAM process. Forming quality control is gradually realized through the optimization of welding process parameters, precise regulation of the additive forming process, and effective management of heat sources and droplet transfer. Key research directions in forming control include combining intelligent algorithms and forming strategies to regulate weld bead shapes and lap process parameters, developing intelligent process parameter regulation systems, and introducing external forced regulation means to improve the performance of welding heat sources and precisely control droplet transfer. The research progress of WAAM forming control methods is reviewed, the main challenges currently faced are analyzed, and the development prospects of WAAM technology are prospected.

     

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