Abstract: Traditional flood cutting fluids are characterized by high consumption and severe pollution, while dry cutting is plagued by the defect of aggravated friction and wear. Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technology has been recognized as the optimal solution due to its green and high-efficiency properties. As the core medium of MQL, nanobiolubricants possess the dual advantages of heat transfer and friction reduction. However, under the high-temperature working conditions involved in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials, their insufficient thermo-oxidative stability results in easy oxidative deterioration and lubrication failure, which has restricted their industrial popularization. Furthermore, few relevant review studies have been conducted to summarize the mechanisms and improvement measures of their thermo-oxidative stability so far. Thermo-oxidative mechanism of nanobiolubricants is systematically revealed. Specifically, the nanobiolubricants cause the cooling lubricating medium containing the biological lubricant base fluid to generate products such as carboxylic acids and hydrogen peroxides through free radical chain reactions or non-free radical reactions. Meanwhile, the nanoparticles undergo structural transformation, performance degradation, and loss of dispersibility, and the two together disrupt the balance of the trace lubricating medium. The improvement measures, including chemical modification of biolubricant base fluids, addition of antioxidants, and surface coating and defect filling of nanoparticles, are reviewed. The results indicate that these measures can significantly extend the oxidation induction time and enhance the thermal stability. Finally, the future research directions, such as the synergistic modification of biolubricant base fluids and nanoparticles, and the cross-integration with biological genetics, are prospected.This paper provides key theoretical support for the formula optimization and industrial application of nanobiolubricants, and contributes to the popularization and application of MQL technology in the transformation and upgrading of traditional manufacturing industry.