Abstract: To solve the problems of large drilling force, hole outlet chipping and serious inner wall damage in the ordinary drilling of alumina ceramic, a comparative experiment study on ultrasonic assisted drilling (UAD) with diamond sleeve drill and common drilling (CD) was carried out. The influence of ultrasonic vibration and process parameters on drilling force, hole outlet quality and hole inner wall surface quality was analyzed. The results show that the axial force is reduced by 44.6% in the process of ultrasound-assisted drilling because of the periodic separation and contact between the abrasive particles and the sample. Under the two drilling methods, the drilling force decreases with the increase of rotating speed and increases with the increase of feed speed. The ultrasonic vibration makes the crushing pattern at the hole outlet regular and significantly restrains the chip adhesion. However, the edge chipping area at the outlet increases significantly with the decrease of rotating speed and the increase of feed speed, and is accompanied by the brittle peeling of large materials. In addition, ultrasonic assisted drilling can significantly improve the transgranular fracture ratio of the hole wall material, and its value increases with the increase of the spindle speed and the decrease of the feed speed, at the same time, it can effectively suppress the intergranular fracture. Under the same process parameters, the maximum reduction of surface roughness of ultrasonic assisted drilling is 32.4% compared with normal drilling. Under the action of ultrasonic vibration, the degree of abrasive wear is reduced to a certain extent.