Abstract: B₄C/Al is a composite material with excellent neutron shielding properties, consisting of a soft aluminum alloy matrix and hard B₄C particles, which has been widely used in the nuclear industry. However, its strong heterogeneous coexistence characteristics make it difficult for traditional mechanical processing to adapt. An exploratory study on the processing mechanism of B₄C/Al using pulsed laser was conducted. A finite element simulation model was established to analyze the distribution laws of temperature field, flow field, and stress field under the action of pulsed laser. Combined with specific experiments, the surface morphology of the inlet and outlet is characterized and analyzed. The results indicate that under the action of laser, the material exhibits local thermal accumulation behavior and the affected area gradually shrinks. The molten pool material shows a tendency towards gasification removal and forms corrosion holes with good consistency in pore size. The internal stress of the material increases along the depth of the hole, and its distribution is mainly affected by temperature changes. Experimental and simulation comparisons show that the distribution pattern of the inlet recast layer is consistent, with a pore size error of around 3.91%, thus verifying the reliability of the model. In addition, there are spherical and blocky recast layers at the inlet edge, while the outlet edge is mainly composed of pores and remelted recast layers.