Abstract: Industrial robots are widely used in aircraft assembly and automotive manufacturing due to their flexibility and low cost. However, issues such as low absolute positioning accuracy and weak environmental adaptability, caused by their serial mechanisms, restrict high-precision and efficient robotic drilling. Error compensation technology serves as a key approach to improving drilling accuracy. This review examines research from the past five years on error compensation techniques in robotic drilling. The comprehensive accuracy issues caused by multiple error sources during the drilling process are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the principles and application effects of commonly used online and offline compensation methods. Based on current technical challenges, future research trends for enhancing robotic drilling accuracy and quality are proposed.