Abstract: The equipment manufacturing industry is the foundation of the country and the foundation of a strong country. As its "industrial master machine", the precision guarantee capability of high-end CNC machine tools in a dynamic environment is directly related to the core competitiveness of major national strategic equipment. Among all kinds of error sources, thermal error has become the main bottleneck restricting precision machining accuracy due to its strong nonlinearity and time delay characteristics. On-machine measurement (OMM), as a key means to realize the closed-loop control of ''machining-detection-correction'' integration, has always been a research hotspot in the field of precision manufacturing. Based on the whole life cycle control of machine tool accuracy, the latest research progress of thermal error modelling and compensation and on-machine measurement technology is systematically reviewed. Firstly, for thermal error control, the three dimensions of error detection and thermal characteristic analysis, prediction modelling methods and real-time compensation implementation strategy are deeply analyzed. Secondly, for on-machine measurement, the error identification and comprehensive compensation method of the probe system, the adaptive sampling strategy for measuring points and the intelligent path planning method under multiple constraints are discussed. Finally, the development trend of closed-loop control of the whole life cycle of machine tool accuracy is prospected, which aims to provide theoretical reference and technical support for the accuracy evolution and robust control of high-precision CNC machine tools.